Functional Substances in Fruits and Waste Parts of Main Fruit Trees in Niigata Prefecture

Abstract

Functional substances in young fruits (fruit thinning time) and picking fruits (including after ripening and removal of astringency) of ‘Le Lechier’, ‘Hiratanenashi’, ‘Akatsuki’, and ‘Kosui’ and pruned branches and deciduous leaves of ‘Le Lechier’ and ‘Kosui’ were analyzed. The polyphenol concentration was higher in the peel of all fruits in the picking fruits, but the concentration tended to decrease overall compared with the young fruits. In ‘Le Lechier’ and ‘Kosui’, the polyphenol concentrations were at the same level for the pruned branches and deciduous leaves. The concentrations of flavans were high in the peels of ‘Le Lectier’ and the peels and flesh of ‘Hiratanenashi’ in the young fruits. In the harvested fruits, the peel was higher in all varieties, in particular, the peels of ‘Le Lectier’ had a high concentration, showing the same tendency as the polyphenol concentration results. The radical scavenging ability was high in the flesh of young fruits. However, the picking fruits tended to decrease compared with the young fruits. The scavenging ability was also observed in the deciduous leaves of ‘Le Lechier’ and ‘Kosui’. The presence of chlorogenic acid was detected in the peels and flesh of ‘Le Lectier’ and ‘Kosui’ in the young fruits, and in the peels and flesh of ‘Le Lectier’, ‘Kosui’, and ‘Akatsuki’ in the picking fruits.