Abstract
The advertisement calls of three Indian frogs, Ramanella triangularis (Microhylidae), Indirana gundia (Ranixalidae), and Fejervarya rufescens (Dicroglossidae) are described. The call of R. triangularis, consisting of 30 pulses with low dominant frequency bands around 0.6 and 1.1 kHz, had a mean duration of 0.38 s, and was emitted at about 3 s call intervals. The call of I. gundia was much shorter, with a duration of only 0.1 s and was emitted at longer, rather irregular intervals. The dominant band was recognized at 1.4 kHz, and pulsation was indistinct. The call of F. rufescens, consisting of 24.9 pulses, had a mean duration of 0.46 s, and was emitted at 3.68 s call intervals. There were numerous frequency bands in its call, with dominant bands around 3 kHz. These results are compared with those of previous studies on the same and related species. Ecological observations on calling sites and behavior are also presented.
