Relation between Blood Pressure Control, Body Mass Index, and Intensity of Medical Treatment

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the rates of blood pressure (BP) control to a systolic goal (<140 mmHg), to a diastolic goal (<90 mmHg), and to both in a sample of 226 treated hypertensive patients. We also examined the association between obesity, BP control, intensity of treatment defined as dose score (summed ranks of doses of all antihypertensive drugs taken), and number of drugs. Of the 226 treated patients (mean age, 60 years; 20.4% women), 67.7% were controlled to the systolic goal, 72.1% were controlled to the diastolic goal, and 53.5% were controlled to both. Patients were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI): less than 23, A; 23-24.9, B; 25-26.9, C; and 27 or more, D. There were no differences in the rates of BP control to the systolic goal, to the diastolic goal, or to both among the four groups; however, the dose score and number of drugs administered were higher in patients of group D than in those of the other groups. There was a tendency toward a higher intensity of drug treatment in obese patients with either controlled or uncontrolled BP. The dose score and number of drugs correlated positively with BMI. In representative subgroups (n =62), serum insulin and the homeostasis model assessment value of insulin resistance were higher in the patients in group D than in the other groups. These findings indicate that hypertensive patients managed in a hypertension clinic had satisfactory BP control in 53.5% of cases. A higher intensity of medical treatment is needed to achieve BP control in obese hypertensive patients characterized by insulin resistance. (Hypertens Res 2003; 26: 711-715)