Abstract
This paper analyzes the response to a social program for accepting individuals with refugee backgrounds into a third country as foreign students through Official Development Assistance (ODA), using the framework of P2M theory. This program is characterized by (1) a high urgency to respond to needs, (2) an unstable situation due to insufficient system development and uncertain circumstances, and (3) complexity due to a large number and diversity of stakeholders. The study considers the characteristics and key points for managing programs with these traits. Through a chronological analysis of the efforts of JICA and others, it was clarified that agile management, which allows for frequent movement between the system model and the service model during program management, is crucial for realizing collective impact in programs with these characteristics, along with the requirements necessary for achieving it.
