3D-DDM: A3 Dimensional-Direct Deformation Method of B-Spline Surfaces

Abstract

This paper presents 3D-DDM (3 Dimensional-Direct Deformation Method), which is a new direct deformation method of free-formed B-Spline surfaces. The method allows users to “push/twist” surfaces directly with the 3D cursor and it provides various kinds of deformations that are area-controllable. The basic idea of 3DDDM is rearranging, creating, and deleting form representing parameters from the “pushing” action of a user to obtain appropriate deformations. The method is combined with an input device with force feedback, which the authors have developed as well, into a virtual surface modeler with haptic feedback.