Abstract
In a mountain tunnel construction project, the precise evaluation and prediction of ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face are necessary for the installation of proper auxiliary methods and the validation of designed support patterns. This could lead to a cost optimization and safety construction. In order to predict the ground condition, the authors have developed an inclination monitoring system, comprising a small-diameter tilt sensor named TT-Monitor (Tunnel Tilt Monitor), the evaluation methodology of measurement data, and the visualization of prediction results. This paper describes an overview of the forward prediction mechanism by means of three-dimensional numerical analysis. It then illustrates the way to measure and evaluate the inclination angle by the TT-Monitor with the tunnel advance. Lastly some typical results of a field demonstration test are presented. The results clearly show the validation and applicability of our proposed methodology
