Abstract
Intestinal tissues establish homeostatic immune networks to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. The development and regulation of intestinal immune system are mediated at least partly by immunologic crosstalk with gut environmental factors including commensal bacteria and nutrients. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the inadequate immune regulation by environmental factors leads to the development of intestinal inflammation. Recent findings have revealed the specific function of vitamins in the development of intestinal inflammation. In addition, nucleotides are currently recognized as a participant in the control of inflammatory responses. In this review, we focus on the immunological functions of vitamin B9 and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the development of intestinal inflammation.
