2023 Volume 31 Pages 15-20
Various types of indoor positioning methods have been proposed. Accordingly, various ground-truth measurement methods have also been used. The selection of the ground-truth measurement method is crucial when appropriately evaluating the indoor positioning methods. In recent years, data-driven methods have been actively proposed, making the ground-truth measurement even more critical. Most existing survey papers only focus on classifying indoor positioning methods and datasets for evaluation. Our survey paper investigates the methods to measure the ground truth. First, we list the primary examples of ground truth measurement systems and summarize their characteristics, such as the scale, accuracy, and frequency when collecting ground truth. Then, we classify them into the following five categories: OMC, ToF/MFPS, SLAM, Manual, and Others. Their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed based on four indices: accuracy, coverage, device cost, and labor cost. Finally, we discuss the appropriate way to select the ground-truth measurement system for quantitative evaluation. Our survey will be the guideline for selecting an appropriate ground-truth measurement system for indoor positioning and indoor navigation.
