2025 Volume 33 Pages 91-103
We propose spatial-error models for pen-stroking motions to predict variable error VE and total variability TV. These models predict stroke linearity and closeness under different movement distances and times which are crucial for (e.g.) determining timeout and variability thresholds in gesture recognition systems. Results from our line-tracing task with temporal constraints demonstrated a clear speed-accuracy tradeoff, i.e., spatial errors worsened with longer distances and shorter times. The best-fit model, which employs an exponential weight for time, yielded adjusted R2 values of 0.9278 for VE and 0.9339 for TV, outperforming the existing linear error-speed model.
