The Role of the Third Chord in Progressions: Effects of Mode and Chord Structure on Overall Musical Atmosphere

Abstract

The impact of music on human emotion is both significant and multifaceted, with chord progressions playing a central role in shaping listeners' experiences. This study examines the emotional effects of harmonic complexity and tonality by analyzing two four-chord progressions ("I-V-vi-iv" and "IV-vi-VII-V"). By systematically varying the mode (major/minor) and chord structure (triad/seventh chord) of these progressions, the study reveals how harmonic variations influence emotional dimensions. Factor analysis identified two primary dimensions: Positive and Sentimental. Results showed that seventh chords elicited a more subtle negative emotional response compared to triads, particularly in major modes. However, sentimental emotions appeared less sensitive to these harmonic factors. These findings emphasize the significance of harmonic structure and progression context in shaping emotional perception, offering insights into the role of complexity and tonality in music's emotional expression.