Machinability Improvement and Its Mechanism in SUS304 Austenitic Stainless Steel by Precipitated Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Abstract

To improve the machinability of SUS304 (Type 304) austenitic stainless steels, specimens were prepared containing 0.016 mass% boron and 0.2 mass% nitrogen, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles with a diameter of 1 to 5 μm were precipitated. Precipitation of h-BN reduced the cutting force and tool wear during lathe turning with a cemented carbide tool insert, especially at cutting speeds of 40 m/min and higher. The reduction in cutting force appeared attributable to internal lubrication by h-BN in the chip shear region and the deformation flow layer, as well as to lubrication between the chip and carbide tool. Improved chip disposability and tool wear suppression were also achieved by h-BN precipitation. SUS304 steel with precipitated h-BN was found to exhibit good machinability in drilling and sawing operations with high-speed steel tools.