Abstract
This study was set to fundamentally investigate the characteristics of austenite reversion occurring in maraging steels additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The maraging steel samples manufactured under different L-PBF process conditions (laser power P and scan speed v) were subjected to heat treatments at 550°C for various durations, compared with the results of the austenitized and water-quenched sample with fully martensite structure. The L-PBF manufactured samples exhibited the martensite structure (including localized austenite (γ) phases) containing submicron-sized cellular structures. Enriched alloy elements were detected along the cell boundaries, whereas such cellar structure was not found in the water-quenched sample. The localized alloy elements can be rationalized by the continuous variations in the γ-phase composition in solidification during the L-PBF process. The precipitation of nanoscale intermetallic phases and the following austenitic reversion occurred in all of the experimental samples. The L-PBF manufactured samples exhibited faster kinetics of the precipitation and austenite reversion than the water-quenched sample at elevated temperatures. The kinetics changed depending on the L-PBF process condition. The enriched Ni element (for stabilizing γ phase) localized at cell boundaries would play a role in the nucleation site for the formation of γ phase at 550°C, resulting in enhanced austenite reversion in the L-PBF manufactured samples. The variation in the reaction kinetics depending on the L-PBF condition would be due to the varied thermal profiles of the manufactured samples by consecutive scanning laser irradiation operated under different P and v values.
