2003 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 1228-1237
Using the dilatometry technique, γ→α transformation kinetics has been determined at different cooling rates in a steel with low carbon and low niobium contents (0.09 and 0.017 mass% respectively). First of all the real and the conventional transformation temperatures of the steel were determined. The real start temperature for proeutectoid ferrite formation (A′r3) corresponds to the point where the dilatometric curve starts to diverge from the straight during cooling. The conventional start and finish temperatures for proeutectoid ferrite formation (Ar3 and Ar1) are given by two points close to the minimum and the first maximum of the curve, respectively. The real start and finish eutectoid transformation temperatures — (A′r1)s and (A′r1)f — correspond to the second point of inflection and a point close to the second relative maximum of the curve, respectively. Carbon enrichment of the remaining austenite, as the transformation to ferrite advances, is corrected taking into account the dependence on the carbon content of the atomic volume of austenite. On the other hand, the dilatometric data have also been corrected with regard to the different expansion coefficients of austenite and ferrite. In this way it has been seen that the lever-rule method applied to the dilatometric curve is useful for determining transformation temperatures, but not for determining transformation kinetics, since the amount of proeutectoid ferrite calculated with this method was up to 10% greater than the real amount measured with an image analyser. Finally a model based on Avrami's law has been developed for the real γ→α transformation kinetics.
