Charge Saturation Mechanisms for Mono-, and Two-Component Electrophotographic Developers

Abstract

Equation which describes charging characteristics of toner particle layer contacting on plain surface was proposed based on the assumption that the electric field at the contact points has definite saturation value.
It was proved to be the same with the equation which was obtained by Kondo for two component developers when the common parameters such as the number of toner particles per unit carrier surface area were used instead of toner concentration.
It was also shown that the charge to mass ratio obtained for commercial developers at various toner densities generally follow to this equation.
The effect of applied external electric field on the toner layer contacting on conductive surface was also taken into account.