Abstract
This paper attempts to reconsider the etiology of modern medicine (or bio-medicine) from the view points of medical anthropology and medical sociology. The discussion of causality in modern medicine fundmentally depends upon biological factors and theories, and seems to neglects socio-cultural factors and theories. At first in this article, the another criticizes the origin of modern medicne, emphasizing the importance of the viewpoint of socio-cultural contexts. Next, based on historical-theoretical-anthropological studies of modern medicine and non-western medicine ("traditional medicine"), it is strongly proposed that the origins of both traditional medicine, and also modern medicne, derive from theories bound with the respective culture. Therefore we can think the modern medicine as a kind of traditional medicine. A tentative theoretical model of origins in order to inquire into all origins is proposed. In the kind part of this article, after describing the new concept of the origins of modern medicne, which depends upon probability and epidemiology, the new concept is examined with this tentative thoretical model.
