Abstract
This article examined college-level PjBL (project-based learning) research results, or more precisely, their failings and remediation of schemes. Those findings should help learning in primary/ secondary education to be more flexible and active, which is a goal of the Period of Integrated Studies. The results revealed that teachers are the key to facilitate learners to acquire cooperation orientation, then they get ready to become active and flexible through PjBL. Moreover, this paper discussed needs of modifying PjBL for primary/ secondary classrooms: their classroom groups are fixed for learning and community building as well, so PjBL in the primary/ secondary education context must be tailored according to the characteristics of the fixed classroom group system.
