Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the presence and the contents of hurtful remarks in career counseling at universities (Study 1). The purpose of Study 2 was to clarify the influence of hurtful remarks on the supportive relationships between counselors and students and the conditions under which hurtful remarks are likely to occur, focusing on the gender of the counselors and the gender differences between the students and the counselors. In Study 1, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 4,284 students. In Study 2, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 6,477 students. The results of Study 1 showed that 59% of the students had experienced some kind of hurtful remarks. The contents were classified into three categories: “indirect microaggressions,” “direct microaggressions,” and “statements due to lack of counseling attitude”. The analysis of Study 2 revealed that male students were more likely to experience indirect microaggressions from same-sex counselors, while female students were more likely to experience direct microaggressions from same-sex counselors.
