Abstract
Anthracotic and anthracosillicotic spindle cell proliferation (AASCP) is a rare reactive proliferative lesion of phagocytic histiocytes of the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Recently, Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been used for the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and its lymph node involvement. However, reports dealing with false positivity of lymph node metastasis have been increasing in number. We report a case of AASCP exhibiting false positivity on FDG-PET imaging. A 75-year-old Japanese woman with lung adenocarcinoma underwent left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node sampling. After ten months, chest CT revealed a contralateral hilus lymph node enlargement. A high accumulation in the lesion was detected with FDG-PET, and it was thought to be a recurrence of the lesion. Radical lymph node dissection with median sternotomy was performed. The histological diagnosis of the lesion was consistent with AASCP. In hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes of lung cancer patients, AASCP could be a cause of false-positivity on FDG-PET imaging.
