Massive tracheoesophageal fistula at 6 years after bare expandable metallic stent implantation for tracheal stenosis caused by unknown-origin malignant tumor

Abstract

We encountered a patient with life-threatening severe tracheal stenosis caused by an unknown-origin malignant tumor, successfully treated by bare expandable metalic stent implantation followed by curative radiation therapy, who subsequently developed a massive and uncontrollable tracheoesophageal fistula caused by the bare EMS 6 years after EMS implantation.