Fundamental Experiments of Ion-Exchange Reaction for the Researchers

Abstract

The paper describes haw to clarify ion exchange mechanisms by experiments of stoichiometry, pH titration curve and ion exchange ideality of uni-, di-, and trivalent metal ions on the exchangers. Determination of ion exchange capacity is demonstrated including breakthrough experiment. In order to more understand overall ion exchange processes, it is very useful the determination of ion exchange isotherms at given temperature. Ion exchange selectivity can be characterized by plot of logarithm of corrected equilibrium constant (ln K_H^M) vs. equivalent fraction (X_M) of metalion in exchanger. It is pointed out that calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium constant and function are important for interpretation of ion exchange mechanism on particular exchanger.