A case of primary small cell carcinoma that detected in urinary sediment

Abstract

Prostatic small cell carcinoma is a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor with characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features. A 76-year-old male presenting with high serum PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels was diagnosed as having conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma. Normalization of serum PSA levels was achieved by hormonal therapy. However, atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm and nuclear molding were detected in urinary sediment by conventional urinalysis about a year later. Atypical cells were positive for synaptophysin, which was indicative of prostatic small cell carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare and has a poor prognosis, so it is important to recognize its cytological characteristics.