Decentralization Reform and Fundamental Autonomy Ordinance

Abstract

In Japan, decentralization reform has progressed since 1991. The abolition of government agency proxy administration was the greatest result of the first decentralization reform term (1991-2000). Central government continues to participate in local governments but accountability and responsibility of citizens in local governments have increased dramatically. The considerable achievement of corporate self-government prepared local governments and citizens for citizen's self-government. Municipal governments have begun to settle on fundamental autonomy ordinance in the second decentralization reform term (2001-). This paper draws a conclusion based on these historical tendencies and two case studies of municipalities (Shimotsuke City and Nasushiobara City in Tochigi prefecture). Finally, this paper clarifies the present-day significance of citizens' commitment to the process of making fundamental autonomy ordinance.