The Siwalik Series and the Plio-Pleistocene Boundary

Abstract

In this article, the recent investigations on the Siwaliks are briefly reviewed. As to the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in the Siwaliks, especially the stratigraphical and paleontological relations between the Pinjor and Tatrot, is discussed. On the basis of geological and paleontological survey in the area of East of Chandigarh, Punjab, N. W. India, the author correlated Pinjor with Upper Villafranchian of southern Europe, and set the base of Pleistocene to the lowermost red clay of Pinjor. In this connection, some works on the Karewas of Kashimir are referred. From this view point, it may be possible to say that the zone 1 of the Lower Karewas is equivalent to the Pinjor of the Siwaliks. In order to promote the study on the Siwaliks, the author emphasizes that the synthetic study by stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, geomorphology, paleomagnetism, anthropology, archeology and biology is very important and is requested.