Measures for environmental load reduction through improvements in water facilities at highway service areas

Abstract

In this paper, we first introduce the background and current situation of improvements in water facilities for toilets at highway Service Areas （SA） and Parking Areas （PA）. Next, the reduction on the environmental load by the replacement of conventional toilets with low environmental load toilets such as waterless urinals and urine diversion toilets was quantified and cost-benefit analyses concerning introducing such low environmental load toilets were performed through simulations. Finally, we summarize our thoughts based on these findings.