The Structure of Grade-Management and Classroom-Management in School : Perspective on Evaluation and Problems(Classroom-Management at the Turning Point)

Abstract

The purpose of this papaer is at first to point out the meaning of Grade-Management and Classroom-Management in Japanese school. Classroom-Management is constructed from two aspects. One ist the side of individual on student and the other is the side of group. Teacher should manage diese two points each other. Because of the character of classroom which is once in a year organized, teacher has to emphasise the group activitiy and norm against classroom students. That means the learning about subjects in each student ist basically restricted to the classroom-keeping. As the mental background of teacher it is possible to indicate the tendency, that they form a connection with students as human-relationship. As a result Grade-Management is on relative negative position. Exceptions of that are limited to some ereas which concern guidance or common events in junior high school. The latter part of this paper raises some prognoses around Grade-Management and Classroom-Management in school. The important factors, 1. Continual decleasing of student numbers, 2. school budget retrenchment in public finance, 3. more relative delegation on school and local school board and 4. the change of social expectations against school might effect to the school in near future. Nowadays school policy in Japan focuses mainly the students who are to be left behind. Nevertheless as a rapid change on circumstances in the world, school in Japan would also gradually turn around the other direction, which makes attention to high talented or honorable students. In addition to that, it would be difficult to plan School-Management within only one school. It would run for example to the idea of collective schools. The base on Grade-Management and Classroom-Management would decay in accordance with these conditions.