Abstract
The purpose of this article is to reexamine the formation and development of concepts of educational administration and management in Japan. The Association for the Study of Educational Administration(KYOIKU KEIEI) was established in 1958. The term KYOIKU KEIEI is a vague concept that includes educational administration and school management. Recent studies have concluded that the term KYOIKU KEIEI has been used to refer to school autonomy Qiritusei). Autonomy means the state of freedom from external authority and self-governing. But, I would like to emphasize that this term has been also used to refer to subjectivity(Shutaisei) of school. Subjectivity means the attitude of making decisions on the school's own judgment and becoming responsible for its own actions to accomplish organizational goals. In the 1960s, the first scholar to give much attention to subjectivity(Shutaisei) of school was Jiro Yoshimoto. He intended to construct the theory of school management from the viewpoint of practitioners. In the light of subjectivity(Shutaisei) of school, the change of the professionalclient(provider-recipient of service) relationship is the most important in the current environmental situations about educational administration and school management. Recently, concepts of mission and outcome are introduced and prevailed in schools. We may say that Peter F. Drucker's management theory is implicitly influencing schools in Japan. Because of seeing the organization from the recipient's eyes, his theory and concepts are useful to consider subjectivity(Shutaisei) of school in the current environmental situations.
