Relationship between Refusal, Perceived Control of Time, and Psychological Stress Response in University Students

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between refusal, perceived control of time, and psychological stress response by constructing a model on the basis of the assumption that the seven types of refusal are related to perceived control of time and psychological stress response. A total of 139 university students (109 men, 30 women) completed the cross-sectional survey and questionnaire. After conducting a covariance structural analysis, the findings show that compensation, modesty, cheating, and nonverbal refusal are related to depression-anxiety and displeasure-anger through the perceived loss of time, which clarifies the relationship between refusal, perceived control of time, and psychological stress response.