Family Support from a Perspective of Problem-Avoidance Structure Formed in Families of Hikikomori

Abstract

[Purpose]

  This study investigated the background factors that contribute to the maintenance of conflicts in hikikomori families.

[Methods]

  This study focused on in-family conflicts while analyzing interviews of families with a socially reclusive member and developed a conceptualization of the process of the formation of a conflict-avoidance structure.

[Results]

  Since the family experiences the negative reactions from a child, they continue their discordant involvement in the problem, leading to a vicious cycle in which the family’s preparedness to cope gradually declines. Consequently, it was found that the family structure became one way to avoid a worsening situation. Additionally, it was a structure in which problems were maintained through the coexistence of involvement and avoidance. On the other hand, having rules of daily life and cooperative helpers were found to be essential for managing the problem.

[Discussion/Conclusion]

  It is essential to provide support to families in areas that are not covered by conventional maintenance-level family support such as crisis interventions, communication skills training, and psychoeducation. Furthermore, recommendations are made regarding early interventions to prevent non-attendance at school and hikikomori from becoming a long-term problem.