A Modified Mixed Cell Agglutination Reaction Test Using Commercially Available Monoclonal Antibodies and Animal Immune Serums for ABO Blood-Typing

Abstract

  Commercially available monoclonal antibodies and animal immune serums for ABO blood-typing, were evaluated in a Mixed Cell Agglutination Reaction (MCAR)test. Eighteen kinds of the monoclonal antibodies and five kinds of animal immune serums were examined in this study.
  Non-specific agglutinations were observed in all of the monoclonal antibodies. These non-specific agglutinations were reduced by blocking using 1% and 10% skim milk solution or by using monoclonal antibodies mixed with skim milk (1% and 10% final concentration).
  No antibodies and/or immune serums of an anti-A and anti-B set had strong and specific agglutination reactions in such forensic specimens as bloodstains, vaginal stains, salivary stains and seminal stains, even if using monoclonal antibodies mixed with skim milk (1% final concentration). In order to apply the MCAR test for these samples, we equally mixed two kinds of antibodies out of three kinds of antibodies which showed strong and specific agglutination in either secretor or non-secretor samples. As the result of the examinations of the six combinations, we found that the equal mixed antibody of Kokusai's and Immucor's products was applicable to ABO typing of forensic specimens. The reactivity of this mixture was similar to that of the human polyclonal antibody.
  The result of the blind test of ABO blood grouping of human salivary stains obtained from 100 people corresponded to the donor's type using this method. These results suggested that the mixture of antibodies is useful to detect ABO blood typing in MCAR test.