Abstract
Behavioral economics has not yet developed a basis of systematic policy evaluation such as Pareto efficiency in traditional economics. Pareto efficiency is a good basis if preferences are assumed to be stable and exogenous as in traditional economics. In behavioral economics, however, preferences are often considered unstable and endogenous as in the case for prospect theory due to the reference point. For value judgment in policy evaluation, it is desirable to have a basis that is unchanging and exogenous. “Unconditional love" is unchanging and exogenous unlike conditional love such as “I love you because you are my child," “I love you because you belong to the same religion," or “I love you because you are young and beautiful." If we assume that at least most people are not able to unconditionally love, then a policy that helps them to learn to unconditionally love can be judged to be good. For example, if a person is too poor to have opportunities to learn, then to help him is a good policy. To try to obtain pleasure from high utility level can be considered one tool for learning rather than the objective.
