2021 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 245-252
The tracheoesophageal region has many tissues with simple structures, such as cartilage, mucosa, nerves, and muscles. For regeneration of these tissues, new technologies are expected to be developed based on the three elements of organ regeneration. Basic research in the tracheoesophageal region varies from in vitro to in vivo. Studies of new scaffolding materials and cell transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, etc. have been carried out ; however, few have reached clinical application. The cervical trachea and cricoid cartilage have been partially regenerated by in situ tissue regeneration-inducing artificial trachea. Vocal fold scar was treated with basic fibroblast growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor. Physician-led clinical trials are being conducted on these medical technologies, and their practical application is awaited in the near future. A nerve induction tube is available on the market and is used for recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction. In addition, an oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet has been clinically applied to prevent postoperative stenosis of the esophagus, and clinical trials are currently underway. Through translational research that links the results of basic research to clinical application, it is expected that regenerative medicine in the tracheoesophageal region will be put into practical use as a safer and more effective treatment.
