Abstract
Analysis of behavior of each individual component in extraction is demonstrated from energy and exergy viewpoints. A material-utilization diagram (MUD) for phenomena in which chemical components transfer between two different phases is proposed. The mathematical derivation of exergy loss for extraction suggests two important terms, i.e., njRT0 with dimension of energy and dimensionless term –ln(aj, out/aj, in), for analyzing such phenomena. The MUD is applied to trace of flow rate and concentration change for each component in single stage, 3-stage and 6-stage countercurrent extraction. Characteristic features of transfer of each component in those operations and advantages of multiple stages are represented graphically.
