Fabrication and characterization of titanium dioxide/copper indium disulfide solar cells

Abstract

Copper indium disulfide (CIS)-based solar cells with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were produced on F-doped SnO₂ (FTO) by a spin-coating method. The effect of the stacking sequence of the CIS and TiO₂ layers on the electronic properties of the solar cells was investigated. A device based on an FTO/CIS/TiO₂ structure provided better cell performance compared to that based on an FTO/TiO₂/CIS structure. The microstructure of TiO₂/CIS was examined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, and the TiO₂/CIS solar cells provided bulk heterojunction structures. The energy levels of the present solar cells are also discussed.