Abstract
Single crystals of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [(1 − x)BNT–xBMN] with x = 4% were grown by the flux method (Po2 = 0.02 MPa) and the high-Po2 top-seeded solution growth method (Po2 = 0.9 MPa) and their crystal structures and properties are investigated along the pseudocubic [001] direction. The crystal grown at a higher Po2 of 0.9 MPa exhibits a well saturated polarization hysteresis, showing that the rhombohedral phase with x = 4% has a spontaneous polarization (Ps) of 48.5 µC/cm2 (Ps parallel to the pseudocubic [111] direction). The superior properties obtained for the crystal (Po2 = 0.9 MPa) are discussed in terms of domain clamping and depolarization associated with oxygen vacancies.
