Fabrication of 〈111〉-oriented BaTiO₃ ceramics by high magnetic field electrophoretic deposition using hexagonal-tetragonal co-existing BaTiO₃ powder

Abstract

⟨111⟩-oriented BaTiO₃ (BT) ceramics were prepared by a high magnetic field assisted electrophoretic deposition method using hexagonal-tetragonal co-existing BT powders. With increasing the hexagonal content, the ⟨111⟩-orientation factor increased, while piezoelectric strain constant d^*₃₃ increased up to the hexagonal content of 80% with attaining a maximum value of 627 pm V⁻¹ and then rapidly decreased. In contrast, the decreasing trend of d^*₃₃ with increasing hexagonal content in the randomly oriented ceramics was observed. These results were discussed with the degree of the orientation and the possible twin defects in the BT ceramics.