Abstract
Endoscopic approaches to intraventriclar lesions and the endoscopic anatomy of the cerebral ventricles are described. A wide visual field, close observation for deep seated lesions and exploration in the wet field are the benefits of endoscopic surgery. In addition, changes in view point help to foster a better understanding of the three-demensional anatomy of the cerebral ventricles. Endoscopic tumor removal is performed via various types of transparent sheathes with specially designed instruments. The ventricles are surrounded by essential structures, which should be kept intact during the surgery. Distortion of the paraventricular structures is often seen in patients with paraventricular tumors. The foramen of Monro, choroid plexus, and thalamostriate vein are the clear landmarks to follow even in distorted anatomy. Understanding the endoscopic anatomy of the cerebral ventricles based on these landmarks assures a correct orientation and safety during the surgical treatment.
