Focused Ultrasound for Essential Tremor, Convergence and Challenges

Abstract

  It has been 10 years since the initiation of the first focused ultrasound treatment for essential tremor in Japan in 2013. With the advent of this treatment, we entered an era of three major functional neurosurgical treatments: stereotactic thalamic coagulation utilizing high-frequency waves, deep stimulation therapy, and stereotactic thalamic coagulation employing focused ultrasound. However, just as radiofrequency coagulation and deep stimulation therapy share similarities, they also have distinct differences, radiofrequency coagulation and ultrasonic coagulation also present disparities. Paradoxically, the convergence itself is a current problem. It is imperative to be familiar with the hazards of diffuse ultrasound and to enhance efficacy and safety by creating convergence and proper coagulation. The principle of focused ultrasound therapy and its shape characteristics will be introduced, considering the current issues.