Advances and Future Directions in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Elucidation of the Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors

Abstract

  The central nervous system germ cell tumor is the second most common type of pediatric brain tumor and is frequently encountered by neurosurgeons due to its association with hydrocephalus. The initial management, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up protocols are well-established, with clinical guidelines in place. While the disease often has favorable long-term survival outcomes, the mainstay of treatment involves radiation therapy and chemotherapy. As it predominantly affects children and young adults, there is a considerable risk of long-term complications, including secondary cancers and cognitive impairments. Advancements in biological analysis have shed light on genetic abnormalities and predispositions related to the disease. This document explores the clinical aspects of germ cell tumors, domestic clinical trials, global treatment initiatives, and the biological mechanisms that underlie this condition.