2025 Volume 34 Issue 7 Pages 366-369
Over the last decade, there has been a shift toward the increased use of endovascular procedures in cerebrovascular surgery. Herein, we report the results of an outcome-based training program in our integrated neurosurgical residency program, which incorporates both open surgical and endovascular techniques. Learning outcomes were clearly defined to facilitate prompt certification by both the Japanese Society for Surgery of Cerebral Stroke and the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy, and were successfully achieved by the majority of trainees. Performance assessments in both cerebrovascular surgery and endovascular procedures provided strong evidence of competency and supported the ongoing professional development of neurosurgical trainees.