2017 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 67-80
This article aims to find a clue to developmental processes of techniques by reviewing the transition of game rules in the racket type sports and the terminology items related to techniques described in the literature. The results will be summarized as follows.
1. A general rule of the modern tennis, consisting of a total of 35 articles, was adopted in 1923. For around 90 years after the establishment, it is considered as the major changes; both legs can be away from the ground in the case of service, and “tie- break” was introduced.
2. In 1922, the basic rule of modern table tennis was enacted in England. In 1931, the international competition rules, including 47 articles, were established. Then, more than ten-time revisions on the rules could be made from 1937 to 2014.
3. The fundamental rules of the modern badminton competition were established by “Laws of Badminton,” issued in 1934. The rules made a major change; “rally point system” was replaced with “a side-out system” in 2006, and 21 points in three games matches could be applied in all games.
4. In technical terms of tennis, “volley” was shown in all references. The technical term of table tennis, “drive,” was included in 82％ of references. With regard to badminton, “smash” was presented in all references. Badminton has the most technical terms about service, stroke, and shot.
5. Figure 4 shows the developmental process model (hypothesis) of the techniques of racket type sports.
