The characteristics of arm motion with various running phases during 100-meter sprinting.
-from the viewpoint of stride-running and pitch-running styles-
1996 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Details
1996 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
The purposes of this study were to analyze various kinematic variables in accordance with running styles (stride and pitch) and running phases (accelerating, maximum-speed and decelerating), and to determine characteristics of arm motion in each running style during 100-meter sprinting. Forty-one male college sprinters (100-meter best record: 11" 43±0.40) were selected as subjects, and they were divided into stride-style (ST, N=22) and pitch-style (PT, N=19) groups in accordance with the ratio of stride-length/body height. Running motion in 100-meter sprinting was filmed with a video camera from the side by 60 fps at eight analysis points set up by 10-meter intervals from the start line. Kinematic variables of arm motion such as amplitude of joint-angle, angular velocity and coefficient of variance (CV) of angle for the shoulder and the elbow-joint angles, were calculated.
The results obtained in this study may be summarized as follows;
1)Forward-swing angle of the shoulder-joint during arm motion in both groups showed a significantly greater maximum value in accelerating phases than in the others, and in ST backward-swing angle showed greater value in decelerating phases.
2)Significant differences between ST and PT groups were found in CV and minimum value of the elbow-joint angle during arm motion. Especially, CV in PT group was significantly greater than in ST group at all analysis points except for the fourth point.
3)As to the characteristics of arm motion, the following was inferred : Amplitude of the shoulder-joint angle and maximum angle during backward swing in ST group increase as running velocity increasing, and ST group tends to swing arms with elbow-joint angle changing during a cycle of running. And the mean value of elbow-joint angle in PT is somewhat greater and PT group tends to swing arms with elbow joint angle fixed during a cycle of running.
