Software and Molecular Graphics for Protein Crystallography

Abstract

Recent development of softwares for protein crystallography has achieved the recent quick advances of this field. It has enabled us to solve the structures of larger and more complicated proteins and protein complexes in very short period. Especially, electron density modification technology based on real-space restraint has been a very powerful tool for both phase improvement and phase extension, and it has given very expectable effect on an even electron-density map calculated from poor initial empirical phase information. Also recent progress of graphics workstations have produced a new world of protein crystallography. A venous kinds of graphics softwares for model display and building have been developed.
Here we introduce recent new technology for improvement of initial empirical phases, and newly developed software for three-dimensional graphics workstations.