Survey Standard of Development in Wheat and Barley

Abstract

Since the survey standard of development in wheat and barley was presented more than 50 years ago, the varieties and cultivation methods have changed greatly and the survey standard differs with the regions. In the present study, the important developmental stages: such as emergence of seedling, double ridge formation, jointing, heading, flowering and maturity were re-defined. The association of these developmental stages with the ambiguous developmental terms such as tillering stage and spike formation stage, and the Zadoks growth scale, which is pervasive abroad was discussed. Then, the varietal and regional differences in development in wheat and barley were illustrated using examples of field experiments conducted in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, North Kanto and North Kyushu.