Statistical Studies on Various Characteristics of Crop Plants : I. Varietal differences of morphological complex characteristics in rice.

Abstract

In order to find out the complex characteristics composed by six morphological characters in rire varieties this experiment was carried out at Horinouchi Experiment Farm of Niigata Agricultural Experiment Station. Fourty varieties of rice were cultured under standard fertiliziug and normal spacing of plants at Horinouchi Experiment Farm, and the following six characters were employed in order to obtain the complex characteristics number of panicle (x₁), culm length (x₂), panicle length (x₃), panicle weight of the longest stalk (x₄), panicle weight per plant (x₅) and total weight per plant (x₆). The complex characteristics were estimated by the principal component analysis which was one of the multivariate analyses, and then studies on the varietal differences by these complex characteristics were performed. The results were as follows: (1) The complex characteristics of rice varieties in this experiment can be shown by three principal components as indices of complex characteristcs. These three indices of complex characteristics are as follows : X₁=0.580x₁-0.178x₂-0.458x₃-0.445x₄+0.163x₅+0.253x₆ X₂=0.211x₁+0.337x₂+0.217x₈+0.408x₄+0.700x₅+0.636x₆ X₃=0.153x₁+0.877x₂-0.008x₃-0.038x₄-0.155x₅-0.036x₆ (2) The first index of complex characteristics is mainly concerned with whether the variety is a tiller-number type or a panicle-weight type. The second index is mainly concerned with the yield of variety on a plant basis and the third index, with plant height.