Abstract
We investigated the fine-structure of endosperm and flour of wheat cultivar Norin 61, grown in different soil types and in different nitrogen fertilizer conditions with scanning electron microscope ; compared with hard wheat imported from Canada (1CW), it had high flour yield. The endosperm and flour of Norin 61 having low protein content grown in Red Soil had numerous openings and few protein matrix and primary and secondary starch granules were distinctly visible compared with those of Norin 61 having middle protein content grown in Gray Lowland Soil. On the other hand, the endosperm and flour of Norin 61 having high protein content grown in Andosol had few openings and numerous protein matrix and the trace of which starch granules drawn out were distinctly visible on more protein matrix. Nitrogen topdressing on Norin 61 in Red Soil increased protein content in wheat grain and the openings among starch granules were filled with more protein matrix. Though there were many differences of the fine-structure of endosperm of Norin 61 due to soil type or nitrogen topdressing, the flour yield and specific surface area of flour of these Norin 61 did not differ. In the endosperm and flour of 1CW, starch granules were not visible and embedded in plate of protein matrix. Some granules in flour of 1CW were cell itself. The physical nature of protein matrix joining starch granules together probably affects flour yield and shape of flour.
