Dietary fructose exacerbates experimental colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis mediated through the gut microbiota

Abstract

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, suggesting a potential role of western diets. Western diet is abundant in dietary fructose, suggesting involvement with the rising incidence of IBD. High fructose diet (HFrD) is reported to exacerbate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis. Additionally, chronic colitis induced by IBD is a risk factor of colitic cancer, which may be exacerbated by HFrD-induced colitis. Furthermore, expression levels of glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is downregulated in IBD patients with severe ileitis, which may exacerbate HFrD-induced colitis through fructose influx to the colon. In this review article, we introduce that HFrD 1. worsens experimental colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner, 2. worsens chronic colitis and induces colitis-associated tumorigenesis, which is prevented by dietary interventions, 3. worsens experimental colitis in GLUT5 knockout mouse models mediated through the gut microbiota.