Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and the Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health challenge. In particular, the spread of resistant bacteria such as carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing organisms is a critical concern. Understanding the transmission routes of these resistant pathogens in both community and healthcare settings is essential for implementing effective interventions. A One Health approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is increasingly recognized as vital in tackling AMR. Many resistance mechanisms are closely associated with the gut microbiota, and further research on intestinal microbiota, as well as the application of probiotics, is expected to contribute to novel AMR countermeasures.