Abstract
The first and the second laws of thermodynamics are reformulated taking current view point into consideration. Extensive state quantity, flow and local production rate are one set of concepts. The first law states that the local production rate related to energy is zero, and the second law states that the local production rate related to entropy is positive or zero. Relations between entropy flow and heat flow are discussed. For reversible process and steady-state, heat flow is proportional to entropy flow, and the proportional constant is the temperature. For periodical steady-state, heat flow is also proportional to entropy flow, but the proportional constant is time average of instantaeous temperature. The law of minimum entropy production rate is also a fundamental law of thermodynamics, and it is essential for discussions on thermodynamical stability.
