Abstract
The saturation and non-saturation phenomena for pinning force density are described. Models for these phenomena are introduced and compared experimentally. It can be concluded that the non-saturation phenomenon observed in commercial Nb-Ti belongs to the pinning regime of higher pinning performance than the saturation phenomenon observed in Nb3Sn. Such classification is determined by the number density and elementary pinning force of the pinning centers. The peculiar behavior of flux lines in the saturation phenomenon can be clarified by a small AC ripple field measurement called Campbell's method. An avalanching flux flow model based on this experimental result explains the saturation and non-saturation properties well.
