2026 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 91-105
This paper addresses the epistemological barrier of “causality” faced by modern science, highlighting the transition from classical science—grounded in objective, deterministic frameworks—to quantum theory, where observation and system are inseparable and non-commutativity emerges. By situating the causality problem as a meta-level conflict, as in the Einstein-Bohr debate, it emphasizes the need to rethink causality through the lens of contextuality and partial logical structures. Building on the framework of Generalized Probabilistic Theories (GPT) and recent advances in orthomodular lattice theory (OML), the paper proposes a novel model in which reality is understood as a network of context-dependent, branching causal relations, rather than a linear deterministic chain. This approach bridges operational realism (phenomena as state-effect interactions) and structural realism (reality in formal relationships), while also integrating the Aristotelian “Four Causes” as layered constraints in contemporary scientific models. The paper further advances the idea that causality must be conceived as a network of dynamically interacting contextual constraints and tendencies (“agency”), reflecting both quantum-like phenomena and broader cognitive or social systems. This holistic perspective redefines causality not as a primitive, but as an emergent property of phenomena arising from overlapping contextual logics and their dynamic interactions.
